Atomic Physics – Central Science Supplies

TEL-X-OMETER

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:41:32 +0000

The Tel-X-Ometer enables investigations to be carried out in the normal school laboratory. Extensive safety precautions are built into the apparatus, which conforms completely to the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1968.

Schools should check CLEAPSS guide L93 Ionising Radiations and Radioactive Substances before purchase.

The radiation level at 50mm from any part of the surface of the instrument does not exceed 0.5mR per hour. Also, in accordance with the recommendations laid down, a warning card is supplied with each instrument for affixing to the door of the room where the experiments are to be conducted.

The apparatus is in effect an X-ray spectrometer which, by means of simple adaptations, will fulfill a range of requirements as follows:

A broad beam of X-rays for analysis of their general properties

Single crystal Bragg Diffractometer having a scale accuracy of 5 minutes of arc

Powder Camera for Debye/Scherrer experiments to an accuracy of 30 minutes of arc

Fluorescent radiation emitter for a study of the Moseley Theory

An experimental region for the mounting of innovative studies of the teachers choice.

Specification:

A specially designed miniature X-ray tube is used which protrudes through the cast aluminium base of the spectrometer table and is enclosed within a thick walled lead glass dome.

The apparatus is supplied with the X-ray tube installed and aligned for immediate use. Every instrument is carefully checked under working conditions before dispatch, in addition to thorough testing of the X-ray tube itself.

Mains power is supplied via 2m of 3-core cable and a sector enables the instrument to operate on voltages between 110 and 240, at 50 to 60Hz.

A detailed instruction book is provided giving set-up details, notes for twenty-five experiments (using the accessory set) and teacher?s notes. Height 250mm, diameter 370mm. Mass 9kg. Supplied complete with X-ray tube.

Compact Versatile Millikan Apparatus

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:36:00 +0000

Revolutionize Education with Our Compact Versatile Millikan Apparatus
Unlock the secrets of quantum charge with our Compact Versatile Millikan Apparatus. This compact device is designed for seamless demonstrations of the quantum nature of electric charge and precise determinations of the elementary charge, all in an integrated setup. Witness the power of scientific exploration as this apparatus simplifies complex concepts, making them accessible to both educators and students.

Key Features of the Compact Versatile Millikan Apparatus:

Expanded Key Features

Compact design facilitates easy storage and transportation. Compact design measuring 32 x 41 x 24 cm
All-in-one setup enhances convenience for educators and students. All sensors and measuring devices included; no external equipment needed
Choose between float-sink or rise-sink methods for experiments. Demonstrate quantum charge using the float-sink or rise-sink method
Monitor crucial parameters in real time for accurate results. Display of voltage (U), rise and fall times (tS and tF), temperature (T), pressure (p), and viscosity (n)
Intuitive controls on the base and touch screen display for user-friendly operation. Operate with switches and rotary controls on the base and touch screen display unit.
Adjustable LED intensity ensures optimal illumination for observations. Green LEDs illuminate oil droplets with adjustable intensity.
Precision tracking across the entire field of view with the measuring microscope. Measuring microscope with special eyepiece for accurate tracking
Safety cover promotes a clean and secure experimental environment. Experimental chamber protected by a cover for clean and secure work
Automated time measurements streamline the experimental process. Integrated time circuit for automatic start and stop of time measurements.
Comprehensive package includes all necessary components for immediate use. Includes basic device, experiment chamber, measuring microscope, oil atomizer, oil, and plug-in power supply

Revolutionize your educational experience with our Quantum Charge Measurement Apparatus. This integrated device simplifies complex quantum charge concepts, offering versatility, precision, and user-friendly controls. Explore the world of quantum physics effortlessly with this all-in-one apparatus.

Notes:

For Educational and Training Purposes Only: The provided items are models intended for educational and training purposes. Always follow manufacturers’ instructions, prioritizing safety.

DOUBLE FINE BEAM TUBE

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:30:23 +0000

Helium filled, partly evacuated electron tube with axial and perpendicular electron guns. The electron beam may be observed as a fine, green beam appearing due to the the impact excitation of the helium/electron collisions.The tangential beam can be deflected by use of Helmholtz coils to produce a completely circular path permitting e/m measurements to be made. Clear free path studies may be made and phenomena such as screen blanking due to charge build up on the screen may be observed. Within the tube are mounted two electron guns perpendicular to one another, with indirectly heated oxide cathodes. The angle of projection from the guns is adjustable by means of miniature deflection plates near the gun outlets, a small potential being applied via 4mm connections at the side of the cylindrical neck. The end of the body has a phosphor coated screen for use with the axial gun. Supplied complete with instructions.

Anode voltage: max. 100V DC

Anode current: max. 30mA

Filament voltage: 7.5V AC/DC

Deflector voltage: max. 50V DC

Total length: 260mm approx.

Glass bulb: 130mm diameter approx.

Gas filling: Heliuim at 0.1 torr pressure

ELECTRON DIFFRACTION TUBE

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:29:34 +0000

The tube uses an electron gun with an indirectly heated cathode to project a narrow converging beam of electrons through a thin layer of graphiticised carbon, supported on a fine mesh grid over the exit aperture of the gun. The cathode rays are diffracted in passing through the carbon layer and produce a ring pattern on the phosphor coated end of the tube. Study of the ring pattern and its variation with different anode voltages permits the study and verification of the de Broglie hypothesis, shows the dual nature of the electron, permits the calculation of the spacing of diffracting planes and suggests the probable arrangement of carbon atoms.

Filament voltage: Nominal 6.3V a.c./ d.c, Maximum 9V a.c./ d.c.

Anode voltage: 500 to 5000V d.c.

Anode current: 0.2 to 0.4mA.

Supplied complete with instructions.
The tube uses an electron gun with an indirectly heated cathode to project a narrow converging beam of electrons through a thin layer of graphiticised carbon, supported on a fine mesh grid over the exit aperture of the gun. The cathode rays are diffracted in passing through the carbon layer and produce a ring pattern on the phosphor coated end of the tube. Study of the ring pattern and its variation with different anode voltages permits the study and verification of the de Broglie hypothesis, shows the dual nature of the electron, permits the calculation of the spacing of diffracting planes and suggests the probable arrangement of carbon atoms.

? Filament voltage: Nominal 6.3V a.c./ d.c, Maximum 9V a.c./ d.c.

? Anode voltage: 500 to 5000V d.c.

? Anode current: 0.2 to 0.4mA.

Supplied complete with instructions.

DEFLECTION E/M TUBE

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:28:41 +0000

For determining e/m by balanced electrostatic deflections or by magnetic deflection using the Helmholtz coils.

Simple electrostatic and magnetic deflection may be demonstrated and the relationships shown between the plate potentials or coil currents and the degree of deflection. The ?electron mirror? effect producing trochodial spirals is easily shown and also the magnetic focusing at points along the trochoid.

The tube is the standard glass sphere with cylindrical neck and has a diode electron gun with filament and cylindrical anode. In the centre of the sphere and angled at 15? across the axis is a mica screen 90mm long x 60mm high approximately, divided 2 to 10cm along its horizontal axis and 2-0-2cm vertically. The undivided side is coated with phosphor and produces a clear fluorescent trace when irradiated by the electron beam. The top and bottom edges of the mica plate are supported by horizontal metal plates which are connected to 4mm plugs in the side caps and provide the electrostatic deflection field when connected to an E.H.T. supply.

? Maximum filament voltage: 7.5V.

? Anode voltage: 1500 to 5000V.

? Typical operation: 2000 to 4500V.

? Anode current: 1mA.

Supplied complete with instructions.

Planck’s constant compact apparatus

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:25:55 +0000

With this device, Plank?s constant can be easily determined to an error level around or better than 5 %.
Electron affinity can be calculated as well.
The phenomenon is termed the outer photoeffect.
Electromagnetic radiation results in the release of electrons from a metal surface.

The device has a built-in photodiode, LEDs of various wavelengths are used as monochromatic light sources.
The emitted light passes through the opening of the ring-shaped anode and contacts the surface of the cathode.
In the photoeffect, a photon transfers its entire energy (E = h * f) to an electron upon impact.
Part of the energy is required to force the electron out of the metal surface (electron affinity).
The remaining energy is then at the electron?s disposal as kinetic energy.

Ekin = h x f – ?

The critical voltage for the five available wavelengths is measured within this experiment.
All further calculations are based on this.

All required peripheral devices (voltmeter, nano-amperemeter) are integrated into the device.
The five light sources (LEDs with various precisely defined wavelengths) are supplied with power from the device.
Power supply through included fixed-voltage transformer.
Supplied with experiment manual as well as evaluation spreadsheet (Excel).

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Photocell Material Caesium (Cs)
Voltmeter Display 3 ? digit, LCD
Voltmeter Precision 0,5 % (typical)
Amperemeter Display 3 ? digit, LCD
Amperemeter Precision 1 % (typical)
Dimensions W x H x D = 280 x 120 x 160 mm
Weight approx. 1000 g

PERRIN TUBE

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:23:11 +0000

The Perrin tube may be used to show that charge can be accumulated in the Faraday pail incorporated, that the charge does not disappear when the filament is switched off and therefore that the cathode rays must consist of charged particles. Electron deflection sensitivity may be measured using Helmholtz coils to deflect the beam.

Cathode ray tube operation may also be demonstrated, using a ?secondary coil? for the transverse field. The tube comprises a standard spherical glass body with a cylindrical neck containing a diode electron gun with filament and cylindrical anode, and a Faraday?s pail in the sphere, at 45? to the axis. Connections to the diode electron gun are via 4mm sockets in the moulded cap and the Faraday?s pail connection is via a 4mm plug in one of the side caps. The end of the sphere has an internal phosphor coating providing a luminescent screen.

? Maximum filament voltage: 7.5V.

? Anode voltage: 2000 to 5000V.

? Typical operation at 4000V: anode current 1.8mA beam current 4?A.

Supplied complete with instructions.

Geiger-Mueller counter with Geiger-Mueller tube

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:21:59 +0000

Demonstration instrument for measuring ionizing radiation; very easy to transport and magnetically mountable;
the 26-mm LED display allows precise readings to be taken even at a great distance

TECHNICAL DATA:
Display: 4-digit LED display; digit height 26 mm
Switch: ON / OFF
MODE switch:
– IMP setting: manual start and manual stop
– MAN setting: manual start, one measurement is taken during the interval set on the TIME switch
– AUTO setting: measurement cycle is repeated for the interval set on the TIME switch

TIME switch: for the MAN and AUTO modes a valid measurement interval of 1, 10 or 100 seconds may be selected
SPEAKER switch: switches the speaker on or off
START switch: starts and stops measurement in IMP mode and starts it in MAN mode
GATE LED: indicates counter gate state
Analogue output through a 3.5 mm phone jack (10 mV / Hz)
BNC jack for connecting tube DR291-1Z
Power supply: 4 x 1.5 V mignon cells (included) or 5.5-mm hollow DC jack for 6 V / 500 mA
external power supply

Case: green ABS plastic with yellow labelling
Dimensions: approx. 160 x 120 x 45 mm; weight: approx. 475 g
Geiger-Muller tube specs: For registering the presence of alpha, beta and gamma rays;
tube in a red acrylic case (28 x 28 x 60 mm) and mounted on a support rod with a magnetic base (60 x 30 mm);
line marking centre; cord with BNC plug permanently attached; plastic lid to protect the end window.

Gas filling: Ne & halogen
End window made of mica, 9.1 mm in diameter
Plateau voltage: approx. 500 V
Dimensions: 30 x 60 x 49 mm
Axis height: 35 mm

MALTESE CROSS TUBE

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:21:15 +0000

For showing the linear propagation of cathode rays, magnetic deflection of cathode rays, image distortion due to electrostatic charging, comparison of cathodic stream and electromagnetic radiation and an introduction to electron optics using a single Helmholtz coil.

The tube comprises the standard spherical glass body with cylindrical neck, a diode electron gun with a filament and cylindrical anode connected to 4mm sockets in the plastic cap, a metal Maltese cross mounted in the centre of the sphere, (connected via a 4mm plug in one of the side caps) and a phosphor coated screen.

? Maximum filament voltage: 7.5V

? Anode voltage: 2000 to 5000V

? Anode current:4000V 1.8mA

Supplied complete with instructions.

PLANAR DIODE

adminbenscience — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 17:18:35 +0000

The diode is used to show the basic thermionic effects in vacuum tubes, including:

Current flow between an incandescent filament and a cold electrode (the Edison effect). Determination of e/m by the displacement method using Helmholtz coils.

Characteristic anode current/anode voltage curves for different filament temperatures.

Application of a diode as a rectifier.

The diode consists of a basic glass spherical body with a cylindrical neck, containing a tungsten filament with 4mm connections sockets in the plastic cap on the neck and a circular anode plate connected to a 4mm plug connection on the sphere.

? Optimum anode voltage: 500V.

? Maximum anode current: 5mA.

? Maximum filament voltage: 7.5V.